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“Generation E:
How Young Entrepreneurs Are Changing the Business Landscape”
Entrepreneur Press, 1999
"Generation E"
Brian O’Connell
Chapter One: Hard Work
and a Little Luck: Postcards From the Front
Labor Day, 1994. The
sidewalk shimmered from the warm, early morning sun outside Bloomingdales
flagship store on 59th Street in midtown Manhattan. Inside 29-year-old
Jody Kozlow Gardner and her good friend and now business partner,
30-year-old Cherie Serota exchanged nervous glances. The store had just
opened for business.
10 feet away in a prime
aisle front location in Bloomingdale’s well-trafficked women’s
clothing area lie the fruits of their first entrepreneurial venture. 70
white boxes with bold black lettering neatly stacked in rows of four, one
atop the other stacked six feet off the ground. Stenciled on each box was
the name of their product, The Pregnancy Survival Kit.
Inside each box lie a
little black dress, a tunic, leggings and a slim skirt all in comfortable
cotton and Lycra, all fashionably pitch black in color and all available
for the first time ever to the notoriously choosy maternity shopper.
Dangling outside the box was a price tag -- $152 for the kit. In a display
of good taste and crafty public relations, each Pregnancy Survival Kit
also included a personal thank you from Gardner and Serota as well as an
invitation to comment on the clothes.
After Bloomingdales had
given the duo a green light to test-sell the kits, Gardner and Serota
chose Labor Day as their launch date, providing the retail world a glimpse
of their savvy marketing style. Both knew, however, that hip marketing
could only take you so far. If the product didn’t catch the eye of
customers, all their hard work to get to this point would be in vain. It
was no lock - Bloomingdale’s had never carried women’s maternity
clothing before. Long minutes passed as both women smiled politely,
holding hands and nervously chatting quietly with a coterie of family
members and friends who were on hand in a mixture of solidarity and
curiosity. Everyone waited and watched anxiously to see what would happen.
Slowly, the friends and
family members who come to lend their support found themselves giving way
to customers heading for The Belly Basics stand. A shopper took a box,
poked around inside, shook it for heft, and smiling, walked away with a
kit under her arm looking for a cash register. Two more shoppers, one
noticeably pregnant, gasped at the boxes, elbowing each other in delight
as they swooped in to pick up another kit. More followed as the tower of
boxes began to shrink to five feet high and then four-feet high. The kits
were selling like hotcakes. Gardner and Serota, the young, energetic
founders of Belly Basics, a maternity fashions company with an attitude,
had struck entrepreneurial gold. "We realized at that time,"
recalls Gardner, "that this was the birth of something big. Our crazy
idea had worked and we were a success."
Awash with waves of
emotion, the two young entrepreneurs stood smiling, the notion that they
were about to embark on a journey that would carry them to the top of the
maternity fashion world far from their minds. In a matter of months, their
company would be featured in Glamour, Vogue, Self, Fortune, Good
Housekeeping, New York Magazine, American Baby and dozens of other
publications. They would, in time, write a book, "Pregnancy
Chic" that would be published to rave reviews from a maternity
fashion-starved press and public. Belly Basics would sell 100,000
Pregnancy Survival Kits by mid-1998. The partners expanded their line of
maternity wear, adding a mini-catalog that included a twin set, boot-leg
pant, T-shirt, swimsuit, bike short, unitard, big shirt, a
longer-cardigan-and-skirt combination that sells for $132, and a
sleeveless shift in black matte jersey that delighted moms-to-be use as a
party dress. By 1998, Belly Basics had rung up $5 million in annual sales.
"Soon we were selling to England, Canada, Japan and Australia,"
says Serota. "Our simple idea had become a phenomenon,
revolutionizing the way pregnant women thought about style."
Honest-Tea
March, 1995; a college
classroom in New Haven, Conn: Barry Nalebuff, a professor at the Yale
School of Management, leads a discussion on a case study of Coke versus
Pepsi. Eventually the talk turns to what products were missing in the
beverage market. Everyone agrees that there are plenty of super-sweet
drinks - from Coke and Pepsi to Snapple and Fruitopia to diet drinks with
all kinds of artificial sweeteners in them. At the other end of the
spectrum, there were plenty of flavorless drinks, such as bottled waters
and seltzers with a flavor aftertaste. But there didn’t seem to be any
great-tasting drinks that didn’t have all the extra stuff - not just the
extra calories, but all of the artificial ingredients like high fructose
corn syrup and sodium benzoate.
For class member Seth
Goldman, 34, the discussion really hit home. He had developed a reputation
among his friends as a voracious consumer of beverages. As a Snapple
refugee, he had relied on that drink for refreshment until he could no
longer endure another lunch that left a syrupy film on his teeth. After
the class, Goldman and Nalebuff spoke animatedly about the kinds of
beverages that might fill the void between the supersweet and the
tasteless. The discussion would linger in Goldman’s mind for a long
time.
At the end of the
semester, Goldman graduated and moved his young family to Bethesda,
Maryland where he began working for the Calvert Group, sponsor of the
nation’s largest family of socially and environmentally responsible
mutual funds. Nalebuff returned to teaching and published a book he
co-authored with Adam Brandenburger, "Co-opetition", which
became a Business Week bestseller.
Two years with Calvert
under his belt, Goldman began thinking harder about how a company could be
run in both a profitable and socially responsible way. "While I
really enjoyed my time at Calvert - it taught me a great deal about how a
business could do well by doing good - I always had it in the back of my
mind that I would try to strike out on my own. And the healthy drink
concept was looking more and more viable for me."
On a balmy day in the
fall of 1997, Goldman met a former college track teammate for dinner at a
diner in New York. The two had just gone for a run in Central Park and
were very thirsty. But when it came time to order drinks, they again
encountered the void between the supersweet and the flavorless. It was
only by ordering some sweet and some flavorless beverages and combining
them that the two friends managed to create palatable beverages that
satisfied their thirst and flavor needs. On the shuttle back to
Washington, D.C., Goldman recalled the conversation he had with Nalebuff.
He e-mailed his old professor this note next the day:
"Did anything ever
happen with your idea of a less sugary juice drink? I've been talking
about it with a friend of mine and though there's a lot of other stuff
going on, this is an idea that could be a lot of fun to bring to market.
If you still have any interest, ideas, contacts, let's talk. I'll be in
California next month checking out the emerging juice bar scene (among
other things) and might
try to initiate some conversations. Look forward to hearing from you,
Seth."
"I remember
thinking, "what if we had a drink with had 30 calories that tasted
good," recalls Goldman. "We wouldn’t want to call it a diet
drink but have it have no calories. Anyway, that was the agreement. With
my experience at Yale and at Calvert, over a period of time I had
developed a lot of contacts with entrepreneurs doing socially responsible
things. At Yale we won a new enterprise competition with a biotechnology
business we created. We almost launched that company -- we had funding
lined up but in the end it just didn’t work out. Bio technology was not
where my heart or energy lay."
The timing of the letter
to his old teacher at Yale was fortuitous. Nalebuff had just returned from
a trip to India where he had researched material for a case study on the
tea industry. In addition to nurturing his lifelong appreciation for tea,
the trip provided him with an understanding of the tea industry. Perhaps
more importantly, during a visit to a tea auction house in Calcutta, he
came up with the name Honest Tea -- the perfect name for a company that
would sell tea that truly tastes like tea. Goldman had already developed
an appreciation for tea during the two and a half years he had spent
teaching and writing in China and Russia, two cultures in which tea plays
a central role in bringing people together.
"So I got back in
touch with Professor Nalebuff," says Goldman." It was one of
those serendipitous things where he spent that summer in India doing
research on tea. He convinced me that we could start a business called
"Honest Tea" that was all-natural and does what it say it does
on the label. That fall, he and I spent a lot of time brewing up ideas and
thinking about what flavors we would use, how we would package it and how
I would sell it. We bought people in to taste the recipes we tried and
were happy with the results." On February 1, 1998, the duo launched
Honest Tea Inc. and got busy writing the business plan. "Barry was
right there with me guiding me along the way. At the end of February I
started making headway in getting my tea brewed." About the same
time, Goldman got his tea into Fresh Fields, a popular Washington, D.C.
grocery store. "They said they would buy a half a truck full,"
recalls laughingly. "That would prove difficult because we only use
high quality tea leaves. But we managed to do that on an assembly line and
we learned some lessons about the realities of deadlines and distribution.
By the end of summer we were the best selling Ice Tea at Fresh Fields,
outselling Snapple and others."
And so Honest Tea began
-- and began to prosper. After sampling a plethora of tea recipes and
exchanging hundreds of email notes, the company began to take shape.
"Though several dozen promising teas were identified, we selected
five flagship varieties which would become our initial product line,"
recalls Goldman. "We spent a great deal of time with our designer,
Sloan Wilson, developing a label concept that effectively conveys the
authentic, international aspects of our tea while also capturing the
elegant simplicity that is often associated with tea rituals. We launched
the company in the winter of 1998 and so far have been delighted by the
results (he expects sales of about $3.5 million in 1999)."
Goldman is hardly done
yet. "Oh, no way are satisfied. We still want to do more and help
people out in the process. That’s the best part of my job."
Smoothie Operators
Eric Strauss, 30, owner
and founder of Crazy Carrot Juice Bars, can remember the day 16 years ago
that he opened his first lemonade stand. "I was living in Lake of the
Isles, Minnesota. Believe it or not, it gets hot up there in the summer. I
took advantage of that." After some early trials and tribulations,
Strauss soon had multiple lemonade stands strategically situated around
the Minneapolis area serving up thousands of cups of cold lemonade every
summer. To staff these multiple locations, Eric tapped his younger
siblings and several close friends.
Born with a business
sense, Strauss had a history of entrepreneurs even before his lemonade
empire. "I began breeding and selling gerbils to local pet stores at
age six," he recalls. "I just had an affinity for organizing and
marketing, even then. I used to look forward every day to reading the
business section of the local paper, and I was subscribing to The Wall
Street Journal at the age of twelve. I couldn’t wait to put what I
learned in the business news into practice." It wasn't surprising,
then, when Strauss offered his mom stock in the lemonade company in
exchange for the requisite lemonade stand supplies; sugar, Kool-Aid mix,
and cups.
In fact, Strauss still
has the penciled ledgers from the business, including sales records,
inventory levels, company rules, and projected profit margins. "Would
you believe that our profit margins are about the same today?" he
says. Sales were good - with one lemonade stand capable of bringing in up
to $35.00 a day in revenue - and buying and selling
shares in the company -
named ESBC for Eric Strauss and his partner Bob Cameron - wasn't a bad
investment either.
Soon after completing a
fourth grade class on finance (yep, you read that right), Strauss informed
his mother that he was interested in making some real life investments
himself. By the age of thirteen, a letter he had sent to 'corporate
raider' Irwin Jacobs had already been quoted in Fortune magazine. At about
the same time, Strauss began publishing a computer magazine. Compuzine was
a bi-monthly, trade journal focused on personal computer users.
By age fourteen, Strauss
had become serious about investing and along with two friends, published
the Rogers, Schalet, and Strauss Investment Newsletter. The newsletter,
which recommended eight to twelve stocks per month, had an impressive
track record and more than thirty subscribers. Anyone who followed the
recommendations would have racked up gains of 55% in a year - a high
enough return to earn the trio of underage investment advisors billing on
the cover of the Minneapolis Star and Tribune's business section.
I Scream, You Scream,
Minneapolis Screamed for Ice Cream
It wasn't until high
school that Strauss really learned how profitable the food business could
be. As an ice cream salesman around the Minneapolis Chain of Lakes, he
pedaled and pushed his way through thousands of Dove Bars, Bomb Pops, and
other assorted goodies, eventually becoming the top salesperson for Blue
Bell Ice Cream Company for three years. "Nobody could sell more than
Eric Strauss," said Tom Fischer, vending truck manager at Big Bell
(formerly Blue Bell) Ice Cream Co. "He's got the knack and energy it
takes to be successful."
Strauss opened his first
Crazy Carrot Juice Bar in the Macalester-Groveland neighborhood in Saint
Paul in January, 1998. "I had started planning the business in August
of 1996," recalls. "To raise capital, I sold stock to 30
investors and got a loan ($50,000) from the Small Business Administration.
I sold $80,000 worth of equity interest and the city of Minneapolis kicked
in $35K from a small business loan program they had."
Demand was strong right
off the bat, as the company's first went more than 3,000 pounds of oranges
a week, up to 1,500 pounds of jumbo carrots, and hundreds of pounds of
bananas, strawberries, raspberries, and other assorted fruits and
vegetables.
The Crazy Carrot's
ingredients were carefully conceived and orchestrated by members of 'Team
Carrot' - a group of people strategically put together to take the company
to the next level. The Crazy Carrot concept - which consists of everything
from the distinctive logo, to the one-of-a-kind smoothies, to the
company's focus on environmental awareness - was more than eighteen months
in the planning.
Beginning in 1996,
Strauss and other members of 'Team Carrot' began scouring the country for
juice bars. From California to Florida, he visited more than one hundred
juice bars in his quest to perfect the Crazy Carrot concept. Studying
every aspect of a juice bar's operation, Strauss soon honed in on the
ultimate juice bar prototype. Soon afterwards a site was selected, a lease
signed, and construction begun.
By September, 1998, the
second Crazy Carrot Juice Bar opened in Minneapolis’ Uptown
neighborhood, an area Strauss describes as positively dripping with
cachet. A third store opened near the University of Minnesota campus. By
Spring, 1999, two more locations opened for business. To lure younger
juice lovers, Strauss installed personal computers in his stores with free
Internet access for customers. His passion for juice drinks and flair for
marketing has paid off. Revenues for 1999 are soaring past the $1 million
mark.
"I knew we’d hit
it big when (actress) Bridget Fonda came in and had one of our wheat grass
juice drinks," says Strauss. "All of a sudden we were happening.
I
d like to say that I knew
it along, but I can’t. It takes a lot of hard work and some luck, too.
We had both on our side."
Time for Generation-E
Jody Kozlow Gardner,
Cherie Serota, Seth Goldman, and Eric Strauss typify a hardy new breed of
young entrepreneurs who are rewriting the business rulebooks. In fact, it
may be time for Generation X to claim its place upon society’s mantle as
America’s best generation in decades. No, not as "Generation
X". That title implies that the burgeoning number of 20- and
30-something entrepreneurs who run their own businesses today have no
identity, no ideals, and no power.
Nothing could be further
from the truth. Scarred by spiraling divorce rates and pigeonholed by
autocratic baby boomer bosses who feel threatened by their younger
siblings overwhelming technological prowess, Generation "E" -
for entrepreneur - are taking matters into their own hands by running
their own shops on their own terms. And doing it matter-of-factly, with
little fanfare and less chest-thumping than previous generations. To
Generation E, launching your own business at an early age is just as much
a right of passage as getting married and starting a family. No big deal.
Generation E’s agenda
represents a marked departure from their parents and grandparents,
emphasizing a more technologically proficient, humanitarian workplace and
the demolition of the rigid corporate hierarchies that confined older
generations. Inside these pages you’ll find out how young entrepreneurs
are starting and growing some of the most successful businesses America
has seen since the days of J.P Morgan and Henry Ford. It’s a business
revolution relatively unheralded in the mainstream media, who may be
missing one of the biggest stories of the new millennium - the rapid
ascension of the young entrepreneur.
So get ready for
management, generation E style.
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